Tarsal Coalition is a congenital condition where two or more of the tarsal bones in the foot fail to separate properly. These tarsal bones, which are located in the heel and mid-foot, play a crucial role in foot function. When they remain fused together, it can affect foot movement, causing stress on the joints and leading to pain and muscle spasms. This condition affects approximately 1% of the population.

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Causes of Tarsal Coalition

Tarsal coalition is typically inherited and occurs during fetal development when the cells that form the tarsal bones do not separate correctly. In some cases, it may develop later in life due to trauma, arthritis, or infection.

Symptoms of Tarsal Coalition

Symptoms often do not appear until the tarsal bones are more developed, usually between the ages of 9 and 16. However, the condition may not be diagnosed until adulthood. Common symptoms include:

  • Flat feet
  • Muscle fatigue in the legs
  • Muscle spasms causing the feet to turn outward
  • Pain on the outside and top of the foot
  • Pain when weight is placed on the feet
  • Stiffness in the ankle and foot

Because many of these symptoms overlap with other conditions, an MRI or CT scan may be required to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment of Tarsal Coalition

In most cases, tarsal coalition can be managed without surgery. The primary treatment goal is to reduce pain and muscle spasms while minimizing joint movement.

Non-surgical Treatments

Many people with tarsal coalition benefit from non-surgical treatments, such as:

  • Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce swelling and pain
  • A cast or boot to immobilize the foot and allow it to heal
  • Cortisone injections for pain relief and inflammation reduction
  • Exercises and gentle massages to improve range of motion
  • Orthotic devices to provide pain relief and limit joint movement
  • Pain relievers to manage discomfort

Surgical Treatment

If non-surgical treatments are ineffective, surgery may be required. Surgical options typically involve:

  • Removing the coalitions of bone to restore the normal range of motion
  • If arthritis is present, fusing the bones together to limit movement and reduce pain

After surgery, the foot will be immobilized in a cast or splint during the healing process, and rehabilitation exercises will help promote muscle strength and improve flexibility.

If you are experiencing symptoms of tarsal coalition, it’s important to consult with your doctor to discuss the most appropriate treatment options.