If exposure to cold temperatures causes small, itchy bumps on your toes and other areas of your feet, you might be experiencing chilblains.

Chilblains, also known as pernio or perniosis, are small, itchy red swellings that typically form on the toes and pressure areas of the feet hours after exposure to cold. Initially, the lesions appear red, but over time they change to a blue color and become painful and inflamed. Chilblains result from an abnormal response to cold weather and are most common during winter. Women are more likely than men to develop chilblains.

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Causes of Chilblains

Chilblains occur when blood vessels in the feet constrict in response to cold but do not quickly adapt when exposed to warmth. This delayed response can cause blood to leak into surrounding tissues, resulting in the swelling and discomfort associated with chilblains.

While the exact cause of chilblains isn’t fully understood, certain factors can make individuals more susceptible, including those who:

  • Have anemia
  • Are undergoing hormonal changes
  • Have a poor diet
  • Suffer from a connective tissue disorder or bone marrow disorder
  • Experience poor circulation

Symptoms of Chilblains

Chilblains typically start as small, itchy, red, swollen bumps on the toes and other areas of the feet, several hours after exposure to cold. The itching tends to worsen when transitioning from a cold environment to a warm one. Over time, the bumps may turn from red to blue and become painful and inflamed. The skin may become dry, cracked, and more susceptible to infection.

Treatment of Chilblains

To relieve the discomfort of chilblains, it is important to avoid scratching the affected areas. Cortisone creams can help reduce itching and inflammation. Additionally, improving circulation can speed up healing. Applying lotion to the skin can stimulate blood flow while also moisturizing to prevent the skin from cracking.

If the skin does crack, it’s important to keep the area clean to reduce the risk of infection.

Preventing Chilblains

Preventing chilblains involves keeping your feet warm and ensuring a gradual warming process if they get cold. Wearing thermal or insulated insoles during cold weather can help keep your feet warm. If your feet do become cold, it’s essential to warm them gradually. Wearing socks can help, but avoid putting your feet directly in front of a heat source, as this could warm them too quickly, which may worsen the condition.