Hammertoes are a deformity that causes the joints in the second, third, fourth, or fifth toe to contract (bend), resulting in the toes curling downward into a hammer-like shape. This condition can cause significant discomfort, and if left untreated, the deformity can become rigid, making any movement painful.

Request an Appointment

Causes of Hammertoe

Hammertoes are caused by a muscle imbalance in the foot, which leads to tightened ligaments and tendons that force the toes to curl downward. Various factors can contribute to this imbalance, including:

  • Arthritis
  • Genetics (family history of the condition)
  • Injury (such as breaking or stubbing the toe)
  • Nerve damage
  • Pressure from a bunion
  • Stroke
  • Wearing improper footwear, especially high-heeled shoes or shoes with a narrow toe box

Symptoms of Hammertoe

The most obvious sign of hammertoe is the characteristic “hammer-like” appearance of the toe, where the middle joint pushes upward and the tip curls downward. Other common symptoms include:

  • Corns and calluses on or between the toes
  • Inflammation around the toe joint
  • Limited movement of the toes
  • Pain near the toe joint, often from pressure when wearing shoes

As the condition progresses, the affected toes may begin to overlap other toes, leading to more discomfort.

Treatment of Hammertoes

Non-Surgical Treatment:

  • Footwear modifications: Wearing shoes with wide toe boxes can help alleviate pressure and reduce discomfort.
  • Custom orthotics: These can help correct foot alignment and ease strain on the toes.
  • Corn pads: These can help protect areas of the toes affected by calluses or corns.
  • Toe splints: These can help keep the toes straight and prevent further deformity.

Surgical Treatment:

If hammertoes become rigid and painful, surgery may be necessary to relieve symptoms and improve mobility. Surgical options include:

  • Tendon lengthening: A procedure to lengthen the tendons and allow the toe to uncurl.
  • Bone removal: A small wedge of bone may be removed from the toe to reduce the angle of the contracture.

Early intervention can help prevent the progression of hammertoe and reduce the need for more invasive treatments. If you’re experiencing symptoms of hammertoe, consult a physician to discuss your treatment options.