Achilles tendinitis is the inflammation of the Achilles tendon, the thick band of tissue that connects the heel to the calf muscles. This condition is often caused by irritation of the tendon and is common among athletes, particularly those who participate in high-impact sports. However, older individuals, especially those with arthritis, can also develop Achilles tendinitis. It’s typically the first stage of Achilles tendon injury, and it’s essential to treat it promptly to avoid further damage like tears or ruptures, which may require surgery.

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Causes of Achilles Tendinitis

Achilles tendinitis usually results from straining the Achilles tendon through intense or sudden physical activity.

  • Sports and Physical Activity: Athletes, especially those involved in basketball, running, and other sports with frequent jumping, pivoting, and running, are at higher risk. These repetitive motions can gradually wear down the tendon, leading to inflammation.
  • Increased Exercise Intensity: A sudden increase in the intensity or frequency of exercise, like long-distance running or uphill running, can put extra strain on the tendon and lead to tendinitis.
  • Poor Stretching: Not stretching properly before exercise makes the tendon more prone to injury.
  • Flat Arches: People with flat feet (fallen arches) may place extra stress on the Achilles tendon, increasing the risk of tendinitis.
  • Arthritis: Joint pain from arthritis can cause people to adjust their movements, which may increase pressure on the Achilles tendon and trigger tendinitis.

Symptoms of Achilles Tendinitis

The symptoms of Achilles tendinitis may include:

  • A creaking or cracking sound when moving or touching the tendon.
  • Dull pain when walking or standing on the toes.
  • Morning stiffness in the tendon that gradually eases as the day goes on.
  • Swelling and inflammation around the ankle.
  • Tenderness along the tendon.

Treatment of Achilles Tendinitis

Achilles tendinitis can often be treated at home with the R.I.C.E. method:

  • Rest: Give the tendon time to heal by avoiding activities that aggravate the condition. However, complete inactivity can lead to stiffness, so try low-impact activities like biking that don’t put pressure on the tendon.
  • Ice: Apply ice to the affected area for 20 minutes every few hours to reduce pain and swelling.
  • Compression: Use compression bandages to reduce swelling.
  • Elevation: Elevate the ankle above heart level to help minimize swelling. This is especially helpful while sleeping, by propping your ankle with pillows.

Once the tendon begins to heal, it’s important to gradually return to more strenuous activities to avoid re-injury. If flat arches contributed to the injury, wearing shoes with appropriate arch support or inserts can help prevent a recurrence.

If non-surgical treatments don’t relieve symptoms after several months, surgery may be necessary to remove the inflamed tissue. However, surgery is usually only considered after all other options have been explored. Be sure to consult a doctor for guidance on the best treatment for your specific case.