Ankle sprains are among the most common orthopedic injuries and can affect anyone, from professional athletes to people who are more sedentary. In the United States alone, around 25,000 ankle sprains occur each day, adding up to millions annually.

While ankle sprains are common, they are no less painful or serious. Prompt diagnosis and proper care are essential to help speed up recovery.

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Causes of Ankle Sprains

Ankle sprains can happen during both sports and everyday activities. The most frequent cause is stepping onto an uneven surface or twisting the foot. Common situations that lead to sprained ankles include:

  • Stepping on an uneven sidewalk
  • Planting your foot awkwardly while walking or running
  • Having someone step on your foot during sports

These movements can stretch the ligaments surrounding the ankle beyond their normal range, leading to partial or complete tears. This ligament damage results in the pain and swelling typically associated with ankle sprains.

Symptoms of Ankle Sprains

The most common symptoms of a sprained ankle include swelling, bruising, tenderness, and pain. While most sprained ankles cause pain on the outer side of the ankle, about 10% will result in pain and swelling on the inner side. The severity of symptoms depends on the grade of the sprain.

  • Grade I: Stretching and slight tearing of the ligament. This minor sprain usually causes mild pain and swelling. You should still be able to walk without crutches, although running, jogging, and jumping may be difficult.
  • Grade II: Partial tear of the ligament. Expect more pain, swelling, and bruising (from bleeding). Walking will be painful but manageable, as long as you take it slow and avoid putting too much weight on the foot.
  • Grade III: Complete tear of the ligament. This is the most painful type of sprain, and your ankle may feel unstable. Walking without crutches will likely be unbearable.

Treatment for Ankle Sprains

For Grade I and Grade II sprains, you can manage the injury at home by following the R.I.C.E. method:

  • Rest: Limit movement and avoid walking on the injured ankle to promote healing.
  • Ice: Apply ice to the sprained ankle to reduce swelling.
  • Compression: Use an Ace bandage to wrap the ankle, but avoid wrapping it too tightly to allow for proper blood flow.
  • Elevation: Keep the injured ankle elevated above your heart level whenever possible.

If you suspect a Grade III sprain or if your ankle doesn’t improve after a few days of self-care, visit your doctor. Serious sprains, if untreated, can lead to long-term instability in the ankle.