Bone spurs, also known as osteophytes, can form on the heel, arch, or toes of the foot, typically as a response to pressure, injury, or arthritis. They may affect one or both feet and are most commonly seen in middle-aged adults. Individuals who have had long-term plantar fasciitis, flat feet or high arches, or those who frequently wear high heels are at a higher risk of developing bone spurs.

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Causes of Bone Spurs

The cause of a bone spur often depends on where it develops:

  • Arch Spurs: These spurs may result from trauma such as a fracture or long-term wear and tear. In some cases, arthritis is the underlying cause.
  • Heel Spurs: Commonly linked to plantar fasciitis, these spurs form when the connective tissue supporting the arch detaches from the heel bone. This inflammation leads to calcium deposits, which eventually form a spur.
  • Toe Spurs: Often found near bunions, these spurs usually develop due to irregular motion at the toe joints.

Symptoms of Bone Spurs

While many people with bone spurs don’t experience symptoms, those who do often report:

  • Pain and tenderness in the affected area
  • Swelling or redness
  • A firm bump under the skin
  • Corns or calluses developing over the spur, causing additional discomfort

Treatment for Bone Spurs

Treatment typically focuses on relieving pain and reducing inflammation. In most cases, non-surgical approaches are effective, though surgery may be considered if symptoms persist.

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

  • Cortisone injections to reduce inflammation
  • Stretching exercises, particularly for heel spurs
  • Rest and ice to manage pain
  • Shoe inserts or night splints to support the arch and heel
  • Over-the-counter or prescribed anti-inflammatory medications
  • Trimming corns or calluses (though they may return if the spur remains)
  • Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) – uses energy pulses to stimulate healing, often tried after other methods

Surgical Treatment

If symptoms continue for more than a year despite conservative care, surgery may be recommended to remove or smooth the bone spur. Talk to your podiatrist about whether surgery is appropriate based on your condition and symptoms.

Early intervention often leads to better outcomes, so consult a healthcare provider if you suspect a bone spur or are experiencing persistent foot pain.