Flat feet, also known as pes planus, is a common foot condition where the arches of the feet are either underdeveloped or have collapsed over time. As a result, the entire sole of the foot makes contact with the ground when standing or walking.

In most cases, flat feet do not cause any problems and do not require treatment. However, if you are experiencing discomfort or pain, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider.

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What Causes Flat Feet?

The development of foot arches typically occurs during childhood. It’s perfectly normal for babies and toddlers to have flat feet, as their arches may not form until later.

Some people never develop arches, often due to heredity—if one or both parents have flat feet, their children are more likely to have them too.

Flat feet may also develop or worsen over time due to:

  • Aging
  • Injury or trauma to the foot or ankle
  • Arthritis
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • Wear and tear over the years

Symptoms of Flat Feet

Not everyone with flat feet will experience symptoms. Many individuals live comfortably without even realizing they have this condition. However, some may develop issues such as:

  • Foot pain, particularly in the arch or heel
  • Ankle pain or swelling
  • Stiffness or limited mobility in the foot
  • Knee or leg pain due to poor alignment and posture

Flat feet can affect your gait and the way your weight is distributed when walking, which may contribute to additional discomfort or strain over time.

Treatment for Flat Feet

If you are not experiencing any pain or complications, treatment is generally unnecessary. However, for those who do have discomfort, several conservative treatment options can help manage symptoms:

  • Rest and activity modification
  • Stretching exercises to improve flexibility and strength
  • Arch supports or custom orthotic inserts to provide better alignment
  • Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling
  • Foot or ankle braces for added support in more severe cases

These treatments won’t correct the arch but can greatly reduce discomfort and improve function.

When to See a Doctor

You should consult a physician if:

  • You’re experiencing persistent pain in your feet, ankles, or knees
  • You’ve recently injured your foot
  • Your feet have become flat suddenly
  • There’s visible swelling or stiffness that doesn’t improve

Early intervention can help prevent additional complications and improve quality of life.

Flat feet are very manageable, especially with proper support and care. If you’re concerned about your foot health or experience ongoing pain, your doctor can help guide you to the best treatment options.