Mallet Toe is a foot deformity characterized by a curled upper joint of the toe, giving it a claw-like appearance. Initially, the toe may be flexible, but if left untreated, it can become rigid and difficult to move, leading to permanent stiffness. However, with proper treatment, many individuals can experience improved foot and toe functionality.

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Causes of Mallet Toe

Several factors can contribute to the development of mallet toe, including:

  • Genetic factors: Inherited conditions that predispose individuals to foot deformities.
  • Injury: Trauma such as jams, sprains, or fractures can lead to mallet toe.
  • Underlying diseases: Conditions like arthritis or neurological issues (such as stroke) that affect muscles and nerves can cause or worsen mallet toe.
  • Footwear: Wearing high heels or poorly fitting shoes that put excessive pressure on the toes may also lead to the deformity.

Symptoms of Mallet Toe

The main symptoms of mallet toe include:

  • Corns and calluses: These may form on or between the affected toes due to the pressure and rubbing.
  • Misshaped toes: The toe may appear claw-like or hammer-like.
  • Pain and difficulty moving the toe: The abnormal position of the toe can cause discomfort and restrict movement.
  • Pressure in the toe joints: The abnormal bending of the toe puts pressure on the joints, contributing to pain.

Treatment of Mallet Toe

Treatment for mallet toe varies depending on the severity of the condition:

Non-Surgical Treatment
If the toe is still flexible, conservative treatment may include:

  • Wearing roomier footwear: Shoes with a wider toe box can help reduce pressure on the toes.
  • Toe inserts (pads): These can help reposition the toe, alleviating pain and pressure.

Surgical Treatment
If the toe becomes rigid and inflexible, surgery may be required. Common surgical interventions include:

  • Incision: An incision is made in the toe to treat the tendon causing the clenching.
  • Temporary pins: Supportive pins may be placed in the toes to hold them in the correct position.
  • Bone removal: In some cases, pieces of bone may be removed to straighten the toe.

This outpatient procedure typically takes about two hours.

If you are experiencing the symptoms of mallet toe, it’s important to seek medical advice. With proper treatment, the function of your toes and feet can often be significantly improved.