Freiberg’s disease is a rare condition that affects the metatarsal joints in the foot—the bones that connect the arch of the foot to the toes. The disease is characterized by the gradual breakdown or collapse of the joint surfaces between the metatarsals, as well as the development of abnormal joint tissue.

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Causes of Freiberg’s Disease

The exact cause of Freiberg’s disease remains unclear, but several risk factors are believed to contribute to its development:

  • Age and Gender: Freiberg’s disease is most common in female adolescents and young women, though it can affect individuals of any age and gender.
  • Excessively Long Metatarsals: Individuals with longer metatarsals may be at higher risk.
  • Foot Trauma: Previous injuries or repeated stress on the foot can increase the likelihood of developing Freiberg’s disease.

Symptoms of Freiberg’s Disease

Freiberg’s disease may not always cause symptoms, but when symptoms do appear, they may include:

  • Activity-Related Foot Injury: Increased stress on the foot may trigger pain.
  • Chronic Forefoot Pain: Persistent pain in the front part of the foot.
  • Foot Stiffness: Limited flexibility or difficulty moving the foot.
  • Walking with a Limp: Discomfort may lead to changes in gait to avoid pain.

The disease progresses through several stages:

  • Stage I and II: Minor joint lesions or abnormal tissue growth.
  • Stage III: Flattening of the metatarsal bones.
  • Stage IV: Collapse of the bone structure.
  • Stage V: Degeneration of the metatarsal ends and toes.

Treatment of Freiberg’s Disease

In many cases, Freiberg’s disease may not require treatment, especially in the earlier stages (I through III). However, when intervention is needed, the primary goal is to rest the affected joints and reduce inflammation. Treatment options may vary based on the severity of symptoms and disease progression:

  • Non-Surgical Treatment: For mild cases, your doctor may recommend wearing foot-supporting devices such as shoe modifications or metatarsal pads. Steroid injections may also be prescribed to reduce inflammation.
  • Surgical Treatment: If the condition progresses to more severe stages, surgery may be needed to restore the joint’s structure. In severe cases, a prosthetic metatarsal joint may be implanted to replace the damaged joint.

If you’ve been diagnosed with Freiberg’s disease or are experiencing foot pain and discomfort, consult your doctor to discuss the best treatment options. With appropriate care, it’s possible to restore functionality and alleviate symptoms.