A stress fracture is a small crack in a bone that develops due to overuse and repetitive impact. In the feet, stress fractures typically occur in weight-bearing bones, most commonly the metatarsals (the long bones in the forefoot).

Though these fractures may begin as small cracks, they can worsen quickly if left untreated. If you’re experiencing sharp pain in your foot, it’s important to consult a physician for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Request an Appointment

Causes of Stress Fractures

Stress fractures in the foot are primarily caused by overuse. When the muscles become fatigued during physical activities, they can no longer absorb the impact from repetitive actions like running or jumping. This transferred stress can create tiny cracks in the bones.

Common causes and risk factors include:

  • High-Impact Activities: Sports like running (especially on hard surfaces), gymnastics, basketball, and volleyball are frequent causes.
  • Sudden Increase in Activity: Whether new to exercise or an experienced athlete, suddenly ramping up intensity or duration of activity can increase the risk of stress fractures.
  • Decreased Bone Density (Osteoporosis): Weak bones are more susceptible to fractures under repetitive stress.
  • Flat Feet or Foot Deformities: Abnormal foot structure or alignment can lead to uneven stress distribution and increase fracture risk.
  • Obesity: Increased body weight puts additional stress on the feet.

Symptoms of Stress Fractures

The main symptom of a stress fracture is pain in the top of the foot or outside of the ankle. The pain is typically:

  • Sharp: Particularly when bearing weight or bending the foot.
  • Progressive: Pain worsens with continued activity, making movement more difficult.
  • Swelling and Bruising: These may also occur as the injury develops, though not always initially.

Because stress fractures are caused by repetitive stress (not direct trauma), they may not be immediately obvious. If you’re experiencing recurring sharp pain in your feet, it’s important to see a doctor for a diagnosis.

Treatment of Stress Fractures

Treatment will depend on the severity of the stress fracture. In all cases, rest is the first step to promote healing.

Nonsurgical Treatment

If diagnosed early, stress fractures can often be treated without surgery, which may include:

  • Rest: Avoid weight-bearing activities to allow the bone to heal.
  • Immobilization: Protective footwear, crutches, or a cast may be recommended to prevent further stress on the foot.
  • Pain Management: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help reduce pain and swelling.

Surgical Treatment

In more severe cases, or if the fracture has not healed with nonsurgical methods, surgery may be necessary. Surgical options could include:

  • Pins, Screws, or Plates: These are used to stabilize the bones and promote proper healing.

If you suspect a stress fracture in your foot, early intervention is crucial to prevent further damage. Visit your doctor as soon as possible for the best course of treatment. Resting and following medical advice will help ensure proper healing and a safe return to activity.