An Achilles tendon rupture is a complete tear of the fibrous tissue that connects the heel to the calf muscle. This injury is commonly caused by a sudden movement that overstretches the tendon, often occurring during high-intensity sports such as basketball or racquetball. Although anyone can experience this injury, it is most common in middle-aged men.

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Causes of Achilles Tendon Rupture

An Achilles tendon rupture usually happens due to overstretching the tendon, often during intense physical activity. Movements such as:

  • Pushing off from the foot while the knee is straight
  • Pivoting, jumping, or running

These types of motions place excessive strain on the Achilles tendon, which can result in a rupture.

Additionally, an Achilles tendon rupture can also occur due to trauma like tripping or falling from a height, causing the tendon to overstretch.

The tendon is more vulnerable to rupture if it is already weakened. People with a history of tendinitis or tendinosis, or those who suffer from arthritis and put extra stress on the Achilles tendon to compensate for joint pain, are at higher risk for experiencing this injury.

Symptoms of Achilles Tendon Rupture

Signs of an Achilles tendon rupture include:

  • A popping sound when the injury occurs, often followed by sudden pain.
  • Inability to stand on tip-toes or push off the foot while walking.
  • Pain, swelling, and bruising around the heel.
  • Stiffness in the affected area.
  • Severe pain in the back of the ankle or calf, as if struck by a hard object.
  • A visible gap in the tendon above the heel bone.
  • Weakness in the affected leg.

One way to confirm the injury is to lie on your stomach and squeeze the calf muscles. If the foot does not move or point when the calf muscles are squeezed, this suggests a tendon rupture.

An MRI or ultrasound can be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment of Achilles Tendon Rupture

Treatment for an Achilles tendon rupture can be either non-surgical or surgical, depending on the severity of the injury and the individual’s needs.

Non-Surgical Treatment

  • Rest and Immobilization: For the first six weeks, a brace or cast is typically worn to allow the tendon ends to reattach naturally.
  • Pain Relief: Over-the-counter medications, such as ibuprofen or aspirin, may be taken to help manage pain and reduce swelling.
  • Physical Therapy: Once the tendon has reattached, physical therapy will be essential to regain strength and flexibility. Full recovery typically takes about four to six months.

Surgical Treatment

  • In surgery, the ends of the tendon are stitched back together.
  • After surgery, a brace or cast is worn for about six weeks, and physical therapy follows to aid in healing and recovery.
  • Surgery may be recommended for active individuals or those seeking a quicker return to normal function.

Conclusion

Achilles tendon rupture is a serious injury that requires prompt medical attention. Consult your doctor to determine the best treatment approach based on your condition and lifestyle. Whether you choose non-surgical or surgical treatment, recovery will involve rest, rehabilitation, and strengthening exercises to regain full function.