A lower leg fracture, also known as a broken leg, refers to a break in one or both of the bones in the lower leg: the tibia (the larger, weight-bearing bone) and the fibula (the smaller bone). The tibia is the most commonly fractured long bone in the body. Often, when the tibia is broken, the fibula may also sustain a fracture.

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Causes of a Lower Leg Fracture

A fracture in the lower leg typically results from significant trauma or an unnatural twisting or rotation of the leg. While fractures from accidents or sports injuries are common, overuse can lead to stress fractures, which are tiny cracks in the bone that develop over time. The tibia requires a considerable amount of force to break, but bones weakened by conditions like osteoporosis may break even with minimal trauma.

Common causes of lower leg fractures include:

  • Motor vehicle accidents (car, truck, motorcycle collisions)
  • Contact sports (especially football, soccer, rugby)
  • Traumatic blows to the leg
  • Overuse (such as overtraining leading to stress fractures)
  • Severe twisting motions of the leg
  • Skiing accidents
  • Slips and falls

Symptoms of a Lower Leg Fracture

Symptoms of a lower leg fracture can be obvious, though there may be cases where it’s difficult to identify the injury without imaging (X-ray). Key symptoms include:

  • Bone protrusion: If the broken bone has punctured the skin, it’s considered a compound fracture.
  • Leg deformity: A bent or twisted leg, or a leg that seems shorter than the uninjured one, indicates a serious break.
  • Pain: Severe pain is typical, and it will generally lessen if the bone is immobilized but increase if moved.
  • Swelling and bruising: These symptoms, common in sprains, can also suggest a fracture if they occur near the injury.

Treatment for a Broken Lower Leg

Treatment for a lower leg fracture depends on the injury’s severity and the location of the break. Some fractures can be treated without surgery, while others may require surgical intervention.

Non-Surgical Treatment

For less severe fractures, treatment often involves reduction (realigning the bone) followed by immobilization. During the reduction, you will receive pain medication and muscle relaxants to make the process more comfortable.

Immobilization is typically achieved using a plaster cast or splint to keep the bone in place as it heals. This method is common when surgery is not required.

Surgical Treatment

In cases where the bone cannot be realigned properly through non-surgical methods, or if the fracture is more complex, surgery may be necessary. Surgical options often involve the use of screws, wires, plates, or stitches to stabilize the bone internally.

After surgery or non-surgical treatment, you may be prescribed crutches or a cane to assist with walking while the leg heals.

Conclusion

A lower leg fracture, whether from trauma or overuse, requires prompt treatment to ensure proper healing. While some fractures can heal with immobilization and rest, others may require surgical intervention. If you suspect a lower leg fracture, it’s important to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.