A callus is a thickened area of skin that forms on the soles of the feet as a natural response to excessive pressure and friction. This protective mechanism helps shield the skin from injury, but when left untreated, calluses can become painful and uncomfortable. The best approach to managing calluses is to address the source of the friction or pressure causing them.
Request an AppointmentCauses of Calluses
Calluses develop when concentrated pressure is applied to a specific area of the foot, causing the skin to thicken as a form of protection.
Some common causes of callus formation include:
- Age: As we get older, the fat cushioning on the bottom of the feet diminishes, leading to increased pressure on certain areas.
- Flat feet
- Footwear that is too tight or inappropriate, such as narrow-toed or high-heeled shoes
- High arches
- Misalignment of the metatarsal bones
- Obesity
- Long metatarsal bones
- Toe deformities
Symptoms of Calluses
A callus typically appears as a thick, dry area of skin without a distinct border. It may feel firm and hard to the touch and could cause no discomfort initially. However, over time, calluses can lead to pain, especially when walking or wearing shoes with thin soles or high heels. In some cases, the callus may become discolored due to bleeding under the skin. If not addressed, the thickened skin can crack, leading to potential infections.
Treatment for Calluses
Treating calluses begins with identifying the source of the pressure or friction. In many cases, conservative measures such as orthotics (insoles or foot supports) can help distribute weight evenly across the foot, reducing pressure on the affected areas and allowing the calluses to heal.
It’s important to avoid cutting or trimming calluses at home, as this can lead to infections. Surgical treatment is rarely needed and is typically considered only when other treatments fail.
If calluses persist or cause significant discomfort, it’s advisable to consult with a physician to discuss the best treatment options.