Corns are small, hardened areas of dead skin that develop on the toes, often forming near pressure points. Essentially, corns are a more concentrated form of calluses, caused by friction and pressure, particularly from shoes rubbing against bony areas or from skin being pressed against hard surfaces.

Corns have a dense, hard core that can press on sensitive tissues and nerves, leading to significant pain. The most effective way to treat persistent corns is to eliminate the source of the pressure on the toes, followed by using padding, ointments, or medicated pads to soften the corn and relieve discomfort.

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Causes of Corns

There are two types of corns: hard corns and soft corns.

  • Hard corns are dry and firm, typically forming on the upper surface of the toes. They are usually caused by pressure from ill-fitting shoes.
  • Soft corns are moist and pliable, forming between the toes, often between the fourth and fifth toes. These are usually caused by friction from shoes with a narrow toe box that squeeze the toes together.

Certain foot conditions, like arthritis or toe deformities (such as hammertoes), increase the risk of developing corns due to altered foot mechanics and increased pressure on specific areas.

Symptoms of Corns

Corns can vary in color, appearing white, grey, or yellow. They typically form as a cone-shaped growth pointing into the skin, with the hard corns being thick and dry, usually located on the outer side of the little toe or other high-pressure areas. Soft corns, on the other hand, are typically light-colored and form between the toes, where moisture keeps them soft.

Corns can be painful, especially if they press on nerves or deeper tissues. The affected area is often tender to the touch.

Treatment for Corns

To effectively treat corns, both the corn itself and the underlying cause of pressure need to be addressed. One of the first steps a podiatrist will recommend is to change footwear. Avoiding tight shoes, high heels, and narrow toe boxes can significantly reduce pressure on the toes, preventing further corns from forming.

Over-the-counter treatments can help manage corn pain. Corn pads provide cushioning, reducing friction, while ointments and medicated pads can soften the corn, making it easier to remove or treat.

It’s important to note that individuals with diabetes or circulation issues should never attempt to remove a corn on their own due to the risk of infection. Persistent corns or severe cases should always be treated by a doctor.