If your feet are constantly cold or discolored, you may be experiencing ischemic foot or another circulatory issue.

Ischemic foot occurs when there is inadequate blood flow to your foot due to poor arterial circulation. Without sufficient blood flow, the foot does not receive the necessary oxygen and nutrients to maintain healthy cell function. This can result in slow-healing sores, and if left untreated, the tissue may eventually die, possibly requiring amputation.

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Causes of Ischemic Foot

The most common cause of ischemic foot is atherosclerosis, a condition in which plaque builds up in the arteries, restricting blood flow. This condition is often seen in individuals with hypertension (high blood pressure), hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol), or diabetes.

Other, less common causes of ischemic foot include:

  • Arterial blood clots
  • Arterial spasms
  • Arterial injuries

Symptoms of Ischemic Foot

In the early stages of ischemic foot, you may notice symptoms such as:

  • Cold feet
  • Muscle cramps after walking
  • Purple or red discoloration of the toes

As the condition advances, symptoms may worsen and include:

  • Ischemic ulcers or sores that won’t heal
  • Burning pain in the ball of your foot and toes, especially while resting
  • Gangrene or tissue death

Treatment of Ischemic Foot

In its early stages, ischemic foot can often be managed by improving blood flow to your feet and protecting your skin to prevent sores from forming. Exercise, such as walking, can help boost circulation, and your doctor may prescribe medication to improve blood flow. To prevent injuries, it’s important to avoid walking barefoot; instead, wear socks, comfortable shoes, or insoles to minimize the risk of rubbing or irritation that can lead to ulcers.

If the condition progresses or if there is a risk of gangrene (tissue death), surgery may be necessary to prevent amputation. Surgery may involve clearing blockages or bypassing the affected artery. As surgery carries its own risks, it’s important to consult with your physician to determine whether it is the right treatment option for your condition.