A plantar fibroma is a benign, non-cancerous growth that develops along the plantar fascia, the thick band of connective tissue that supports the arch of the foot. These fibromas are most commonly found in the mid-arch area but can appear anywhere along the bottom surface of the foot. While they may not be painful at first, if left untreated, they can lead to discomfort that interferes with walking and standing.

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Causes of Plantar Fibromas

The exact cause of plantar fibromas is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute to their development:

  • Trauma: Injury to the plantar fascia, whether from overuse or trauma like a puncture wound, can trigger the formation of fibromas. The growth of excess tissue may be part of the body’s healing response to the injury.
  • Plantar Fasciitis: This common condition, especially among runners, causes tightening of the plantar fascia and can lead to small tears in the tissue. Over time, fibromas may form in response to these tears.
  • Genetics: Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to fibrotic conditions, leading to an overgrowth of tissue.
  • Other Conditions: Medications such as beta-blockers, anti-seizure drugs, and certain supplements may contribute to the formation of plantar fibromas, particularly after trauma to the plantar fascia.

Symptoms of Plantar Fibromas

Plantar fibromas are usually easy to detect, as they form one or more small, firm lumps on the bottom of the foot. These lumps are located just under the skin and may become more pronounced over time.

  • Initial stage: The growths are not typically painful at first but can cause discomfort as they increase in size.
  • As the fibromas grow: The lumps may press against other structures of the foot, causing pain, especially when walking or standing for long periods.

The fibromas may appear in one or both feet, and their size can increase gradually.

Treatment of Plantar Fibromas

While plantar fibromas do not usually shrink or disappear on their own, there are several treatment options available to manage symptoms and reduce discomfort:

Non-invasive treatments include:

  • Change in Footwear: Switching to shoes with better support can reduce pressure on the fibromas.
  • Orthotics: Custom insoles can help redistribute pressure and provide relief from the pain caused by the growths.
  • Steroid Injections: These can reduce inflammation and pain associated with plantar fibromas.
  • Physical Therapy and Stretching: These can help alleviate some of the discomfort by improving foot mechanics and flexibility.

If these non-surgical treatments do not provide enough relief, or if the fibromas continue to grow, surgical removal of the fibromas may be necessary. It’s important to consult a physician to explore both non-invasive and surgical options for managing plantar fibromas.